

IUD
An intrauterine device (IUD) is a small, T-shaped plastic and copper or hormonal device that is inserted into the uterus by a healthcare provider to prevent pregnancy. There are two main types of IUDs:
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1. Copper IUDs (e.g., Paragard): These IUDs use copper to prevent pregnancy. Copper is toxic to sperm, which prevents sperm from fertilizing an egg.
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2. Hormonal IUDs (e.g., Mirena, Skyla, Liletta, and Kyleena): These IUDs release small amounts of a hormone called progestin into the uterus. Progestin thickens the cervical mucus to prevent sperm from reaching an egg, thins the uterine lining, and sometimes suppresses ovulation.
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 Benefits of IUDs
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1. Highly Effective: IUDs are more than 99% effective at preventing pregnancy.
2. Long-lasting: Depending on the type, IUDs can provide protection from 3 to 12 years.
3. Convenient: Once inserted, there’s no need to remember daily pills or other contraceptive measures.
4. Reversible: Fertility usually returns quickly after removal.
5. Non-interruptive: IUDs do not interfere with sexual activity.
6. Cost-effective: Over time, IUDs can be more cost-effective than other forms of contraception.
7. Hormonal IUDs: Can reduce menstrual cramps and make periods lighter or even stop them altogether.
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 Risks and Side Effects of IUDs
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1. Insertion Pain: Some women experience pain during and shortly after insertion.
2. Cramping and Spotting: Initially, users may experience cramping and irregular spotting.
3. Expulsion: The IUD can slip out of place (expulsion) and may need to be reinserted.
4. Perforation: Rarely, the IUD can perforate (poke a hole in) the uterine wall during insertion.
5. Infection: There's a slight risk of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) within the first 20 days after insertion.
6. Ectopic Pregnancy: Although IUDs are highly effective, if a pregnancy does occur, it is more likely to be ectopic (outside the uterus).
7. Hormonal Side Effects: Hormonal IUDs can cause side effects similar to other hormonal contraceptives, such as mood changes, breast tenderness, and acne.
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Overall, IUDs are a highly effective and convenient form of long-term contraception, but they come with some risks and potential side effects that should be discussed with a healthcare provider.




